Contents №2-2015
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PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY
SELF-IMAGE AS A SUCCESSFUL PERSON IN YOUNG MEN AND WOMEN’S RECOLLECTIONS
Shahova E.M. P. 6-16
Abstract: The article introduces the results of empirical research on young men and women’s recollections on success situations. There is given a definition of a person’s successfulness, success is considered through a subjective evaluation of achievements in various life spheres. The results are interpreted under certain criteria, which reflect the peculiarities of autobiographical recollections development: the image of other person, mentioned in the text, and his or her role in success achievement; the respondent’s activity in the situations described; events description in different temporal forms; life spheres with the most frequent success situations; success achievement strategies. There are analyzed the main differences between self-image as a successful person in young women and men’s groups: focus on different people while designing a self-image as a successful person; different determination of his or her own role in success achievement; differences in temporal orientation; the use of different life spheres for success realization; preferring of different success achievement strategies and objectives. There are de-scribed young men and women’s mechanisms of designing a self-image as a successful person. Young men go by successful men’s images; often consider success in prospect; regard their success as a result of their own efforts; strive to prove their successfulness; with regard to friends, hobby and studying they succeed more often. Young women go by their nearest relatives’ success; experience the recollections about success situations in present; the principle motives for success achievement are the judgments of important people and enjoying. There are given the peculiarities of designing a self-image as a successful person in teen-age, which don’t depend on gender: orientation toward a father, low relevance of appearance characteristics, slight focus on family relationship sphere and high relevance of educational sphere; focus on success to be recognized by important people.
Key words: a person’s successfulness, a success situation, autobiographical recollections, teenage.
PROBLEMS OF EDUCATION
PROCESSUAL MODEL OF THE PEDAGOGICAL SUPPORT FOR THE TEACHERS’ INNOVATION ACTIVITY IN THE INSTITUTIONS OF THE SUPPLEMENTARY CHILDREN’S EDUCATION AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF ITS EFFICIENCY
Bederkhanova V.P., Gilmidinova T.V. P. 17-35
Abstract: The authors attempt to answer the question what the process of pedagogical support for the teachers’ innovative activity in the institutions of the supplementary children’s education should be to improve the results of the innovative practice by taking into account its peculiarities, propose the processual model of such support and analyze the results of its implementation. Pedagogical support is considered as a specially organized process for the promotion of the team innovative activity or individual innovative activity, representing the cyclic interaction of its subjects, orienting on overcoming the educational shortages, solving professional and personal problems and difficulties of the teachers in the innovative practice and developing their innovative culture.
The described processual model of the pedagogical support for the innovative activity reflects the main stages of the pedagogical support. The scheme of the support subjects’ contribution to solving the professional and personal problems of the teachers arising during their innovative activity was designed. The article analyzes the efficiency of the model implementation in the experimental groups of the institutions of the supplementary children’s education; the results of the dynamics measurement of the innovative activity motives, the development of the level of the teachers’ knowledge, abilities, and skills in the innovative activity, creative potential, methodological culture, and solution of the teaching problems are presented. The authors come to the conclusion that the process of the pedagogical support for the teachers’ innovative activity (individual or in team) significantly influences its results, encourage the motivation to it, helps to solve professional and personal problems which the teachers inevitably face in their activity, and facilitates the development of their innovative culture, however the team innovative activity is more productive than the individual one by the application of the support process in the implementation of the innovative solutions.
Key words: team innovation activity, individual innovation activity, pedagogical support, a processual model, innovative culture, a pedagogical system.
SECURITY PROBLEMS
THE PROBLEM OF CULTURAL SECURITY IN SCIENTIFIC DISCOURSE
Romanova A.P., Bicharova M.M. P. 36-55
Abstract: The aim of the research is in conceptual analysis of the problem concerning cultural security in Russian discourse. The main task is to systematize in terms of comparative analysis of close terminology in English and Russian scientific discourses (“cultural safety”, “cultural security”, “safety of culture” “kulturnaya bezopasnost”, “bezopasnost cultury”, and “kultura bezopasnosti”) the store of knowledge and unify the notional instrument. Besides the main characteristics of the notion “cultural security” and its operational sense are to be revealed.
Taking into account the complexity and contradictoriness of the problem of cultural security the methodology choice is dictated by definite aims and objectives of particular study. The methodology of the present research is comparative analysis of Russian scientific discourse and frame-based interpretation through philosophical introspection on validity of usage of the notion “cultural security” itself.
There are existing Western schools analyzing the problems of cultural security in this or that way such as Copenhagen and Paris ones, however there are no such schools in Russian scientific discourse. The argumentativeness of the given problem for Russian discourse is shown. It is connected with the question of cultural identification of Russian man who is between Eastern and Western cultures. The positive and negative points of view on use of the term itself and analysis of cultural situation in Russia in the frameworks of cultural security are reviewed.
The authors give their own definition of the notion “cultural security”. Its multidimensionality is shown, the evolution is revealed and some general conceptual moments for creation of Russian school of cultural security. The authors suggest their own investigation methodology built upon regional approach of Copenhagen school and Foucault’s traditions of Paris and based on concept of heterotopy of M. Foucault. The study of special regions from the view-point of their heterogeneity coming from poly-cultural, peculiar geopolitical and economical spaces allows to widen the methodological frameworks and look at these spaces in their difference from general (mainstream, homogeneous) ones. It gives a chance to find new factors and mechanisms of cultural dynamics, which is fastened or reduced by many various factors as ethnic, social and politic ones.
Key words: culture, cultural safety, cultural security, mass culture, cultural identity, heterotopy.
POLITICAL CONFLICTOLOGY
THE UK POLICY ON REGULATION AND PREVENTION OF INTER-ETHNIC CONFLICTS IN OTHER COUNTRIES: TOOLS AND MECHANISMS
Kharitonova E.M. P. 56-69
Abstract: The article reviews the British policies aimed at regulation and prevention of inter-ethnic conflicts. Such practice constitutes a major part of the United Kingdom foreign policy and continues the traditions of the British Empire. Today it is being positioned, first of all, as an integral part of the national security and counter-terrorism strategy. At the same time, it is a major component of the British overseas development aid.
In terms of international development, there is a visible decline of the multiculturalism narrative while the policies based on the concepts of spreading democracy and overcoming in-equalities are being continued. The shift in priorities can be explained by the internal factors, primarily by the acknowledged failure of multiculturalism in Britain itself. However the perceptions regarding the potential of establishing democratic institutions and mechanisms to prevent or regulate inter-ethnic and religious conflicts are also being challenged. The negative consequences of the Western states interventions in the Middle East region are causing doubts regarding the feasibility of spreading the British values, norms and models in other countries. Besides, conflict potential connected to the inter-ethnic and religious discrepancies in the UK is also causing increasing concerns. Today experts are starting to re-evaluate the models that are being used for conflict prevention, including the conflicts of ethnic and religious nature.
However, existing policies will continue to be pursued under the new David Cameron Conservative Government, despite the criticisms regarding the utilised concepts’ limitations and low effectiveness.
Key words: United Kingdom, conflict prevention, political identity, inter-ethnic conflicts, international development, “soft power”, “smart power”.
POLITICAL MANAGEMENT
GOVERNABILITY AND COMPETITIVENESS OF THE STATE IN MODERN BRAZIL
Blinova E.A. P. 70-85
Abstract: In the conditions of uncertainty (globalization processes, environmental problems, population growth, the problem of hunger, the threat of terrorism, and many others) state is interested in new ways how to deal with the challenges of the environment. Over the past three decades Brazil, is actively seeking to improve its position through the reduction of social inequalities, financing knowledge-based industries, improvement of macroeconomic indicators, participation in regional and global international organizations such as the BRICS, Mercosur and others. In this article we analyzed dynamic capacities of Brazil, inclusiveness of its economic and political institutions with the aim to define governability and competitiveness of Brazil state. New dynamic capacities of the Brazilian state, that provided the success of its policy, were formed as a result of structural reforms started in the 1980s and implemented during the presidency of Cardoso and Lula da Silva. Dynamic capacities of the state include: the ability of the state to support and develop innovation activities of private and national companies; maintaining the openness and transparency of administrative processes; establishment of cooperation between business, science and educational sphere; the social capital of the state. At the same time, the inclusiveness of political and social institutions means the democratic nature of the political process, and is an alternative to the distribution and market models of socio-economic development. The study used indicators from the Global Innovation Index for 2013 and 2014 and the Global Competitiveness Index for the 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 years. The analysis revealed that Brazil has managed to achieve stateness condition in providing external security, internal order, legitimacy and governance capability. However, the dynamic state capacities are still at the minimum level, and require further improvement.
Key words: governability, competitiveness, BRICS, Brazil, inclusiveness, dynamic state capacities, stateness, uncertainty.
POSSIBILITIES OF THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC DYNAMICS MANAGEMENT OF THE RUSSIAN-BELARUSIAN BORDERLAND RURAL AREAS
Blokhin V.N. P. 86-99
Abstract: The article examines the state and dynamics of the Russian-Belarusian borderland rural areas. Attention is drawn to the radical transformation Russian and Belarusian countryside has experienced after the collapse of the Soviet Union. The article evaluates the possibilities of further reforming and improving the rural areas dynamics. The author analyzes the sociological studies conducted by Russian and Belarusian scientists the latter being used to make future forecasts. Recommendations as to how to improve the management of border regions of Russia and Belarus are also made in the article. The economic and managerial transformation aims at improvement of rural areas living standards, the entrance of the Russian-Belarusian border area on the way of sustainable development.
The market reforms of the 1990s were the most radical in the Russian Federation. The establishment of private property, an abrupt decline of state subsidies for rural areas, and the abolition of protectionist measures to foreign producers have led to the ruin of many Russian farmers, especially in the peripheral areas including the Russian-Belarusian border region. Short-sighted administrative decisions led to the economy decapitalization of rural areas, un-employment rise, the impoverishment of the population, migration.
The market reforms in Belarus have been suspended since the mid-1990s, the role of the command-administrative management methods has increased, especially in the agricultural sector, the main economic sector of the countryside. Strengthening the role of the state contributed to the improvement of socio-economic conditions of the rural areas population. But by the early 2000s the positive effect of state regulation has been exhausted, preservation of the Soviet political and economic system leads to stagnation in the development, inefficiencies of the rural economy, the growth of unprofitable enterprises.
As a result, various systems of rural areas management have been formed in Russia and Belarus. The main managerial task in both countries is to find the most efficient model of socio-economic development of the countryside. This task can be implemented in case of empowering of local authorities, the development of various forms of ownership, rural economy diversification, the deepening of cross-border integration.
Key words: rural areas, Russian-Belarusian borderland, development, reforms, problems.
SOCIAL INSTITUTES AND PROCESSES
THE SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE EXTERNAL LABOR MIGRATION FLOWS OF VANADZOR
Gharakeshishyan M. P. 100-111
Abstract: The article is devoted to the analysis of some social characteristics of the external labor migration flows from Vanadzor. Based on the results of quantitative and qualitative surveys conducted in 2013 in Vanadzor, the article analyzesthe structure, scope, causes of foreign labor migration flows from Vanadzorand consequences of sex and age structure and education levels of migrants.
Some characteristics of migration flows are analyzed that are based on the features of Vanadzor as a former industrial city. In this study the analysis of migration networks of Vanadzor has an important role which are formed as a result of migration flows and contribute to the increase of external labor migration flows, to the maintenance of the existing flows, and the characteristics of some types of migration flows from Vanaadzorand formating mechanisms are presented. The work presents the differences of formation and trends of female and male migration flows, the characteristics of transit (internal transit and external transit) and direct migration flows, as well as the differences and the effects of return, seasonal and long term migration on the formation of migration networks. The work also presents the changes of the life satisfaction levels from Vanadzor due to migration processes which reflect the characteristics of the subjective perception phenomena.
Key words: migration, migration flows, migration network, social network, direct migration, transit migration.
INTEGRATION OF MIGRANTS AT LOCAL LEVEL IN THE EU (EXPLORING CASES FROM BELGIUM AND GERMANY)
Bardin A.L., Dovbysh E.G. P. 112-128
Abstract: The migrant integration policy is one of the key components among the measures for man-aging inter-ethnic relations for modern States. The importance of a strategically correct policy in this area has increased significantly over the past years. With the high European standards of living are still desirable for third-countries migrants, the integration policy is on the EU countries’ political agendas. The answers to this challenge are being actively looked for by all EU political levels: European, national, regional and local. The main burden lies precisely at the local level (communities, cities, towns, districts, counties, municipalities). This article examines the key trends in the regulatory practices of migrant integration at local level. There are two EU countries with a federal structure — Belgium and Germany — at the focus of authors’ attention. The local institutes and the policy-making processes are being analyzed and evaluated. Local integration policies in these countries is strongly influenced by the national concept of migrant integration (assimilation or multiculturalism). The overall migration situation in the country and regional socio-economic development are also important. The city can be either an active player in the development and implementation of the policy or just an implementer of decisions made by the federal government and the regions. The Belgium and Germany examples suggest that cities’ activity is of great importance for support social cohesion and conflict prevention.
Key words: city, migration, integration of migrants, identity, EU, Belgium, Germany.
REVIEWS
SOCIAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES OF PRECARIOUS EMPLOYMENT
Diomina I.V., Diomin A.N. P. 129-137