Contents №2-2014
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SOCIOLOGY AND PSYCHOLOGY OF POLITICS
POLITICAL VALUES IN CONTEMPORARY RUSSIAN MASS CONSCIOUSNESS: PSYCHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
А. Selezneva P.6-18
Key words: POLITICAL PSYCHOLOGY, POLITICAL VALUES, POPULAR MENTALITY, ANOMY
Abstract: Today the problem of value content of political reality is topical and discussed in scientific society. Theoretical and empirical researches of values, including political ones, in the 20th century were carried out at the intersection of philosophical, sociological, psychological and political sciences. More that hundred definitions of value notion can be found in scientific literature analyzing different aspects of the problem.
Considering political values in the frames of political-psychological approach, we define them as political beliefs and objectives of an individual or a society, reflecting in their mentality stable meaningfulness of these or those senses, principles and phenomena, which are landmarks in the world of politics.
Political values and their perception by Russian citizens project is devoted to the study of the problem and is carried at the chair for sociology and political psychology of Moscow State University. This article presents some results of the first stage of the research.
Our data just reflect contemporary state of value of popular mentality; build the vector of further deeper psychological study of political values’ content for different social groups and define the grounds for discovering the conditions and trends of their further transformations.
We can conclude that in the modern Russian society there is a unite system of political values, the most notional being security values as a part of materialistic values (in terms by R. Inglehart). The need for security (personal, economic and political) is characteristic for all the groups of Russian society independently of age and position in ideological spectrum.
The value condition of Russian society can be nevertheless characterized by anomy word considering it as value discordance between different levels of the existence of political values: the level of value and sense producers (political parties, elite as a whole) and the level of the users of political value products (ordinary people).
VOLUNTEERING ACTIVITIES COORDINATION STYLES: THE CASE OF SAMARA REGION
A. Gosteva, E. Bogomolova P.19-39
Key words: VOLUNTEERING; TYPES OF VOLUNTEERING ORGANIZATIONS; COORDINATION PATTERNS; MOTIVES
Abstract: As a widespread phenomenon, volunteering may not be uniform, so it is comprised of specific trends. The goal of this work is to test the assumption that volunteer movement can be divided into two types of organizations (formal and informal) differing by coordination patterns and volunteers’ motives. It can be useful for finding a differential approach towards coordination of various types of volunteer organizations. Also volunteers themselves will learn which projects worth participating depending on an organizer or volunteers’ own goals. This arti-cle is based on 5 personal semi-structured interviews with representatives of volunteering organizations (activists and leaders) from Samara region. These interviews were chosen from 50 interviews which were obtained during interregional project as the most informative ones. Data analysis was conducted using the framework of grounded theory. We followed such analytical steps as open, focused and axial coding. Our initial assumption that volunteer movement consists of two types of organizations that differ by volunteers’ motives does not represent the reality clearly enough.We have identified four types of volunteering organizations which vary by coordination features: occasional volunteering, non-governmental volunteering, corporate volunteering and governmental volunteering. We analyzed the last three types of organizations. It became clear that volunteers’ motives cannot be a basis for distinction between volunteering currents, but the organizations differ by goals (demonstration of social orientation; solving social problems), ways of recruitment of volunteers and coordination of their work (economic and non-economic logics).
PUBLIC POLICY
CONSTRUCTIVE AND DESTRUCTIVE SOCIO-POLITICAL PRACTICES IN TODAY RUSSIA ONLINE-SPACE: “FAIL”, “CASE”, “MECHANICS”
A. Gnedash, N. Ryabchenko P.40-54
Key words: POLITICAL PRACTICES, ONLINE-SPACE, INTERNET, ONLINE-SOCIAL NETWORKS, FAIL, ONLINE COMMUNITIES, FEEDBACK, OPINION LEADERS, POLITICAL CONDENSATE, TROLLING
Abstract: This article discusses the constructive and destructive practices that arise in online-space of modern Russia. Using various online-technology activates the development of innovative forms of political activity and interaction between civil society, government, political institutions, thus, online-space is not just a tool, a platform of the socio-political practices. Platform for such practices are online- community network, the analysis of which allows authors to identify the types of people online-space such as "opinion leader", "sensor", "implementer", "reader", "reputational player". Case-study "Blogger versus Garbage" describes the features of each type of users and the connection between them. Since online-space is a field of social and political practices , then it will inevitably appear mechanisms of constructive and destructive social and political practices, such arrangements include "fail" and " feedback mechanics". As an example, "fail" in the article the case "strong power" associated with Russian politician Boris Nemtsov. Typology feedback mechanic includes comments in online-social networks and blogs, forums, guestbooks, voting systems and feedback in the form of crowdsourcing technology. Feedback mechanic based on crowdsourcing technology is generally an organization platform online-space in the form of online-bank of ideas and opinions on a particular topic, which is given this type of initiator feedback mechanics. Analysis of these mechanisms will help to develop measures to curb the destructive practices and improve the rate of effectiveness of design practices.
THE PECULIARITIES OF ESTABLISHMENT OF THE EGALITARIAN GENDER POWER INSTITUTIONS IN POLAND: LESSONS FOR RUSSIA
E. Bazueva P.55-72
Key words: INSTITUTES OF GENDER POWER, EGALITARIAN NORMS, TRANSFORMATION OF INSTITUTES, EFFECTIVENESS, QUALITY, HIERARCHY
Abstract: In the article the institutional theory instruments is used for analysing the need to optimize the existing system of gender power institutions in the modern Russian economy. According to its postulates, one of the stages of designing the new institutions system is the analysis of the experience of similar institutions system in countries with similar economic conditions. In this regard, the experience of creating a system of the egalitarian gender power institutions in Poland has been studied. We have identified the main failures and stabilization mechanisms of egalitarian norms of economic agents behavior at the beginning, the adaptive and the modern stages of economy transformation in Poland. It is concluded that the identified dysfunctions are possible and necessary to consider in the further modernization of the gender power institutions in Russia. This will not only significantly reduce costs, but also will greatly increase the level of adaptability of the transplanted institutions
PSYCHOLOGY OF DEVELOPMENT
THE ASPECT OF PRIVACY IN THE RELATIONS OF PARENTS WITH TEENAGERS
О. Bondareva, M. Ktenidou, T. Khozyainova P.73-86
Key words: PRIVACY, SOVEREIGNTY, PSYCHOLOGICAL SPACE OF PERSONALITY, PARENTING STYLES, DEPRIVATION
Abstract: The article specifies the concept of private personal space, interpreted by the authors as the space, within which subjectness of personality is embodied, and with which therefore the personality feels the greatest unity. It presents empirical research results, concerning some aspects of privacy, which characterize relationships within a family with an adolescent age child. The study was undertaken through the methods of questionnaires: “Sovereignty of psychological space” by S.K. Nartova-Bochaver, the questionnaire by G. Tsistas, E. Maridaki-Kasotaki, E. Antonopoulou, offered to parents to identify parenting styles, and its modification, prepared for children, for they could assess their parents’ attitude to them. The study involved 51 full families (26 boys, 25 girls within the age from 12 to 14 years and their parents aged from 32 to 45). The work examines parenting styles in correlation to the privacy level of a mother and a father in their own childhood and the privacy level of teenagers, depending on the attitude of their parents to them.
It was found that parents with high level of their own privacy display democratic parenting style with their children. The parents, having experience of deprived privacy, tend to show authoritarian and overprotective styles. It was revealed that democratic or protective parenting styles support the privacy of adolescents. Privacy deprivation of teenagers is associated with overprotective, uninvolved and authoritarian styles. Following the results of the performed analysis of these correlations, regarding the gender of a child and parents, it was discovered that privacy deprivation of boys is linked with the uninvolved parenting style of mothers, and privacy deprivation of girls, with authoritarian style of both parents.
SUBJECTIVE FACTORS OF THE CONTEMPORARY YOUTH’S SELF-IDENTIFICATION
E. Sergienko P.87-103
Key words: SELF-IDENTIFICATION, THE YOUNG, SUBJECTIVE WORLD PERCEPTION, STABILITY, EMOTIONAL ESTEEM, INVOLVEMENT IN THE WORLD, PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING
Abstract: The article considers he problem of self-identification of the young and analyses the ways of its research. On the base of system-subject approach it offers to address to the analysis of subjective world view perception and self in it in correlation with psychological wealth. The novation of the approach is determined from one hand by addressing to subjective world of a young person, considering personal and subjective functions of the process of self-identification, the analysis of the youth’s inner world precisely during the period of self-identification (the choice of the further life trajectory and profession after completing education). The experimental experience of such analysis is given.235 Moscovites and the residents of the Moscow region are questioned being in the process of self-identification in professional and personal lives, the age of the participants being 21-30. The following methods were used: a questionnaire, directed at investigation of a social-economic status of the respondents; psychological wealth scale (PWS) by K. Riff modified by T.D. Shevelenkova, P.P. Fesenko; “Approach to the world” original projective technique directed at investigation of inner subjective world view (G.N. Eidelman); Personal differential developed on the base of Semantic differential (E.F. Bazhin, L.M. Etkind); “Young age” technique (uniquely modified by G.N. Eidelman), developed on the base of “Unfinished sentences” methods developed by J.M. Saks. 62.5 p.c. of the young are determined to be in the state of complete or partial life non-satisfaction. Subjective world perception and self in it is shown to be closely connected with psychological wealth of 20-30 y.o. young, the growth of psychological ill-being is conjugated with the growth of pessimistic view of world and self-rejection off the world due to the growing non-satisfaction of one’s life. The degree of psychological well-being (full, partial, low)is connected with the specific pattern of subjective world perception.
PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY
PERSONAL IDENTITY AT VIRTUALIZATION OF BEING
Е. Bogomolova P.104-120
Key words: PERSON, SUBJECT, IDENTITY, BEING, CO-BEING, COMMUNICATION, VIRTUAL REALITY, SOCIAL NETWORK, ANONYMITY
Abstract: The article presents the results of the analysis of Western and domestic researches, from different theoretical positions considering the problems of societal increasing virtualization impact on a person and his/her being.
The authors agree in their assessment of the fact that the importance of being integrated in the sphere of everyday social interactions of virtual social networks is important. They though keep disagreement in the ways of considering and assess the problem of personal identity at virtualization of being.
One of the most discussed aspect of virtual reality is the orientation of a person to keep anonymous. Two the most accepted views at anonymity in virtual being and the problem of personal authenticity on the net were extracted as a result of the analysis carried out. A part of the authors indicate deindividuation phenomenon and personal orientation at idealized, exaggerated self-presentation, the other are sure in the fact that anonymity enriches the ways of personal self-presentation via joining an image of the other, the attempt to translate one’s self into an Other’s self in searching the one’s self in the stranger’s self.
With the emergence of social networks the trend in anonymity has changed and is expressed in the move from experimenting with identity to “stabilization of identity” on the net, the problem discussed being personal polyidentity. Equally, the opinions about contemporary multiple identity of a person circulate, included simultaneously in several processes of interaction with the Others, as well as about the danger for a person to be keen on creating multiple digital identifications and then “dropping out” from real being.
The orientation of the social network users on translation their real selves in virtual space indicated by Western researchers is the evidence of the fact that the users tend to claim themselves open. The data of the research carried out by us show complex differentiation connected with the ambiguity of the position the users take: subject of or asubject, the first expressed in the translation by a person one’s real identity in real and virtual being, the second – in the aspiration to avoid real contacts and going away into virtual space, forming false identity.
CHAIR
THE EXPERIENCE OF IMPLEMENTATION OF INTERNATIONAL PROJECTS AS A FACTOR OF FORMING SUBJECT COMPETENCES AND COMPETITIVENESS OF THE TEACHERS OF SCHOOLS OF HIGHER LEARNING IN THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF MULTILEVEL EDUCATION
N. Коvаlеvа, H. Join-Lambert P.121-136
Key words: SUBJECTNESS, SUBJECT COMPETENCES, COMPETITIVENESS, PARTICIPATION IN AN INTERNATIONAL PROJECT, COMPETENCES, METHODS OF DEVELOPING A CURRICULUM, COMPETENCE APPROACH, TRANSFORMATION OF PROFESSIONAL ROLES, MULTILEVEL EDUCATION
Abstract: The article considers the actuality of personal subjectness and competitiveness. In the modern education a teacher by him/herself develops the content of a discipline, the forms of training activity, etc. On the example of Tempus IV “Bachelor Curriculum for Social Work” the analysis is done of joint work of European and Russian partners. In the project the experience of the European colleagues was discussed connected with the Bologna agreements, a creative work was done on building of a curriculum (development of a module or an element of the curriculum, etc.), academic complexes of disciplines were approved. The methods of the curriculum development creative group work, collective discussions, modeling, interactive seminars have become. The participants of the project knew how to design a module structure of a curriculum and build ESTC; compile a curriculum with the orientation at professional competences, etc.
The article reflects the basic characteristics of transitional period, the functional roles and the typology of teachers at the stage of reforming. The project participant teachers are determined to have the position open to innovations, and high results in the ranking of teachers. The conclusion is made that only a teacher with the experience of such subject educational activity can build subject qualities of a student’s person. Such a level of professional training the teachers and the students can master only by performing new organizational-psychological conditions of educational activity. The experience in participation in international projects highly influenced the building of their subject competences and innovation capabilities, strengthening subject characteristics, building competitiveness and stability to a changing environment.