Contents №2-2017
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SOCIAL PRACTICES
CROSS-BORDER MOBILITY IN HEALTHCARE
Tsapenko I.P., Sautkina V.A. pp.6-24
Abstract: The article presents an analytical picture of the international migration of health personnel. The authors describe medical tourism which is a new and unexplored phenomenon and reveal the interrelation in the movement of health workers and patients. They show that almost all countries experience to some extent staff shortages in the health sector. In the context of massive flows of immigrants from the developing regions to the developed ones the latter are in demand for medical professionals versed in socio-cultural factors of illness and different traditions of treatment. One of the main ways of alleviating the shortage of medical personnel in the global North is to attract such workers from abroad, mainly from the South.
Although the emigration of health professionals may have some positive effects for the countries of origin, by and large it sharpens the shortage of medical personnel there and especially in economically backward countries, worsening access of their population to medical care.
Given the objective impossibility to radically reduce the outflow of doctors from such countries at present, mitigating the negative effects of emigration can be reached by limiting the States of the North the recruitment of health personnel from poor countries, providing development assistance for health care, promoting medical education and training of health personnel and expanding circular migration. Such measures should take into account interests of all participants of the migration process.
Key words: international migration, health care, health workers, shortage of personnel, medical tourism, demand for medical services, medical anthropology, social consequences, low-income countries, international cooperation. PROBLEMS OF POLITICAL THEORY
THE WORLD GOVERNMENT DOCTRINE: HISTORICAL RETROSPECTIVE, POLITICAL ANALYSIS
Plashchinsky А.А. pp.25-47
Abstract: The article demonstrates the results of long-term author`s research of the new world order paradigm. It views the subject of world government doctrine as being one of the main pillars of the American project for the future world order. It considers that subject, specifically, in a wide historical, international and political context through the prism of U.S. striving towards global hegemony. The emphasis is placed on examining historical prerequisites of formation and development of the ideology of globalism. The driving forces engaged by “The Anglo- American establishment” to transforming the system of international relations have been viewed. In the aftermath of World War II such forces were The World Federalist Movement (i. e. “The World Government Movement”), Peace Education Movement and etc. Considering, that starting from post-bipolar period, that is after the fall of the USSR and the end of the Cold War, a third attempt of establishing of a full-fledged mechanism of governance and control over human civilization has been undertaken. Therefore the article stresses that the mankind faces the fateful choice of either peaceful coexistence and development or bursting out of global civilizational conflict. In this connection, the world government problem and the question of an alternative institute of global governance are of utmost importance today so much so, that transnational elites openly call for establishing of the new “global platform” and, thus, replacing the UN system. With the purpose of projecting the future world order, creating balanced and stable world order the article proves the necessity of making a synthesis of scientific knowledge as well as converging politological, sociological and historical approaches towards issues of global governance. Panoramic analysis of the new world order paradigm, which has been presented in the article, as well as examining roots of the world government doctrine are one of the important conditions of setting up the objective worldview. Some of the foreign sources of information, that were translated into Russian by the author, have been introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, for example, the Preliminary Draft of a World Constitution elaborated by the Chicago Committee in 1948, and etc.
Key words: new world order, project, global governance, world government doctrine, social and political movements.
PUBLIC POLICY
THE ETHNOLINGUISTIC STRUCTURE OF SOCIETY AS A FACTOR FOR LANGUAGE PREFERENTIAL POLICY IN INDIA
Borisova N.V. pp.48-67
Abstract: The maintenance of the state territorial integrity and the ensuring rights and preferences for ethno-linguistic groups in ethno-territorial federation requires not just the institutionalization of ethnic regional autonomy, but also the guarantee the language preferences for these minorities. Language preferential policy is a set of measures that develops the language(s), stimulates or holds in check contacts and competition among languages in a multiethnic community. Language preferential policy secures and reproduces titular language of ethnic regional autonomy and (in some cases) non-titular minority mother tongues. It should be noted that the reproduction of the ethno-linguistic community requires language preferences for language groups has deep and universal character in two main arenas: education and public administration. In other words, there are situations where there is standardization of the language. We can highlight two sets of factors that determine the scope and the logic of minority language standardization. They are structural and contextual factors. The ethno-linguistic community structure is crucial in the group of structural factors. As for contextual factors, there are history of polity and/ or ethnic regional autonomies and the political context of the struggle for minority language(s) and decision-making concerns minority language preferences. The case study of India and its States shows different variants of the ratio of the ethnolinguistic structure of a society within other structural and contextual factors and its determination of the depth and complexity language of the preferential policies, which ensures the territorial integrity of the state.
Key words: language preferential policy of ethnic regional autonomy, ethno-territorial federation, ethno-linguistic structure of the society, minority language.
DEPUTY CORPS OF REGIONAL PARLIAMENTS OF THE SOUTHERN FEDERAL DISTRICT: GENDER ANALYSIS
Kozlova N.N. pp.68-84
Abstract: The author exams gender asymmetry in the legislative bodies in constituent members of the Russian Federation. Analyzing the work of scientists on the study of gender asymmetry in various Russian regions, the researcher comes to the conclusion, that the construction of the gender pyramid in separate subjects of the federation differs significantly. In this article the subject of the analysis is the women representation in regional parliaments of the Southern Federal District. Sources of information were the contents of specialized portals, websites of state authorities of federation subjects, political parties, mass media. Material selection for the study was carried out by the author in January-May of 2016. The author proposes an analytical description of the female segment of the deputies of regional parliaments SFD on the basis of the compilation and analysis of statistical data (party affiliation, political experience, education, profession, age, etc.).
The researcher concludes that the legislative bodies are characterized by low level of representation of women, minor role and place of women in regional parliaments, and the gender asymmetry is institutional. Important results of the study should be taken into account the following women deputies elected by proportional electoral system more than those who were elected by the majority system; deputies women of regional parliaments are characterized by high educational qualification; most women have a liberal arts education and their professional affiliation in general corresponds to their education. Women are involved in politics in adulthood successfully combining family and political roles. As the author of the article concludes that the political experience of women is formed approximately equally from such sources as municipal and state service, party career, deputy activity in representative bodies of local self-government, social activism that and increase in representation of women in regional legislatures, overcoming the gender asymmetry of power, according to the researcher can pass through the given institutes.
Key words: gender analysis, gender roles in politics, regional parlamentarism, gender asymmetry, electoral system.
PROBLEMS OF EDUCATION
FACTORS OF INCREASING OF THE COMPETITIVENESS OF THE UNIVERSITY: INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE
Gabriyelyan A.M. pp.85-100
Abstract: In recent years, the strategy of education and public policy in this area are based on the logic of international competitiveness. As a rule, it is recorded in status, reputation, in regional, national, international ratings. The purpose of this article is to identify the main factors for enhancing the university’s competitiveness at the global level.
The context of globalization, digitalization and an attempt to promote education in the services market make the question of the university’s competitiveness especially urgent. The university is forced again to prove its feasibility and effectiveness. Most universities have to be defined with a model of their development.
In this regard, there is no less urgent problem of preserving and developing the university as an institution for the protection and development of the national culture, the actual reproduction of the intellectual elite of a particular society.
The object of the study is the competitiveness of the university; the subject is the international experience of increasing the competitiveness of the university. Achieving this goal assumed the solution of the following tasks: determining the phenomenon of competitiveness of the university; Identification of the main patterns (trends) of reforming modern developed systems of higher education; Studying international experience in the policy of reforming the university. We used the following methods: a comparative analysis of domestic and foreign scientific discourse; Theoretical analysis and synthesis of social and pedagogical studies; Method of document analysis.
Key words: world educational trends, competition, competitiveness, factors of increasing the competitiveness of the university.
PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY
PERSONAL SELF-DETERMINATION: SUBJECTIVE EXISTENTIAL INTERPRETATION
Fomenko G.Yu. pp.101-119
Abstract: The paper analyzes philosophical foundations, as well as theoretical and methodological aspects of personal self-determination within the context of the subjective existential approach. The issue of personal self-determination is considered as development and specification of a set of cross-cutting philosophical topics with regard to a psychological level of the analysis. The following logic of reasoning and cross-cutting issues are proposed: who we are in the present history (I. Kant) — personality — effort (“existential tone” in D. A. Leontyev’s terminology) — path — personal choice — being (specifically, formation of being). As the article size is limited, the author concentrates on the first four topics.
The article addresses several related tasks: to show how the issue of personal self-determination “grows” from multiple cross-cutting philosophical topics, and even simple enumeration of them allows for feeling its depth and complexity; with regard to it, to analyze theoretical constructions of psychologists that are similar to them and to the author’s views and position; to demonstrate capacities of the subjective existential approach for the polylogue with different psychological movements, as well as the resource potential of this approach for interdisciplinary problem-oriented scientific search.
In the philosophical and science-studies context (according to V. S. Stepin), specificity of the modern post-nonclassical stage of psychology development is characterized by changes of a study subject, type of rationality and type of thinking. The subjective existential approach fully reflects these ongoing changes, is consistent with specificity of the modern post-nonclassical stage of psychology development and is heuristic in relation to solving an urgent problem of searching for adequate conceptual and methodological tools for studying psychological phenomena, as the imbalance on the level of complexity of organizing subjects and means of their study is still pronounced.
Key words: subjective existential approach, personality, being, subject, self-determination, effort (existential tone), mode of being, path, personal choice, post-nonclassical stage of psychology development.
FAMILY AND SOCIAL RESOURCES OF THE PROFESSIONALS’ RESILIENCE WORKING IN THE SPHERE OF PROTECTION OF THE ORPHANS’ RIGHTS
Makhnach A.V., Lotareva T.Yu. pp.120-137
Abstract: Significant emotional stress and deficit of support resources in professional activity actualize the objective of resilience study among helping professions’ representatives. In this regard, the key role of family resources in the professional work of social workers, psychologists, and teachers working in the field of protecting the rights of orphans is substantiated. Social support in the form of trainings, supervisions and informal support from colleagues is a factor of protection and enhance the resilience of social sphere professionals. We hypothesize that the leading role in support to professionals working in the orphans rights protection sphere belongs to the component of social and family support within six components structure of resilience. It is proved that “resilience” and «resources» as important notions should be used in the work by the psychologists, social workers who are conducting psychological assessment of foster parents’ applicants who plan to take care of an orphan, as well as their education and support.
The results of the research resilience component structure among 100 professionals working with orphans, using standardized and original tests are presented. The correlations between social and family support components such as self-efficacy, perseverance, coping, spirituality are presented. The specific mechanisms of coping are defined. This fact allows us to discuss about the leading role of social and family support for the group of professionals.
Key words: resilience, social support, family resources, professionals in the sphere of protection of the orphans’ rights.
LABOUR PSYCHOLOGY
PROFESSIONAL OPTIMISM: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY AND PSYCHOLOGICAL INTERPRETATION
Yasko B.A. pp.138-150
Abstract: The article proves the point that professional optimism is a construct that includes two equally important components: operational and psychological. Operational optimism indicates confidence of a subject in his competent readiness to carry out professional tasks in specific types of activities, his orientation to continuous professional development, self-improvement and self-development.
In the empirical part, the article tests the assumption: psychological component of professional optimism can be described in the characteristics of a positive professional identity, professional demand, focus on professional achievements. The sample of subjects was made up of the specialists with higher education (62 people).
Using the technique of «LOT-R» expressed optimism found 28 people (45,2%), a pessimistic tendency was characteristic of the 20 subjects (32,3%). The representatives of these two poles (48 people) were selected for further study. The following methods were applied: «Questionnaire Professional Relevance Of Personality»; «The Status Of Professional Identity»; dial «Reduction Of Professional Achievements» of the questionnaire on burnout; a Questionnaire «Index Lifestyle» («Life Style Index»).
Professional psychological markers of optimism and pessimism were pointed out. For professional optimism: high importance of awareness of the professional community, professional credibility, professional competence; positive attitude towards oneself as a professional; professional hyper-identity; no trends of reduction of professional achievements; the tension of the ego-protection «denial» that leads to reduced risks of criticality, selectivity of attention, the idealization of the object of response, a certain dissonance of self and role positions. The model of professional optimism is presented, explaining that the most prominent determinants of this quality are aspirations: to professional competence (F = 84,75); to maintain a high level of professional credibility (F = 99,05); reliance on the resource, ego-protection denial in emotionally stressful situations (F = 124,64).
Professional pessimism is marked with: reduced estimates of their own professional status; the disadvantage of a sense of professional dignity and self-esteem; the tendency to «swing» of the professional identity (from crisis — to hyper-identity); trend towards reduction achievements (85,0%); ego-defenses of «compensation» and «projection», which has a strong determining effect (F = 51,53).
Key words: professional optimism; pessimism; professional relevance; professional identity; reduction of achievement; ego-defenses.
REVIEWS
POLITICAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION OF THE POST-SOVIET SPACE
Volodin A.G. pp.151-154
Review of the book: Postsovetskie gosudarstva: 25 let nezavisimogo razvitija. Sbornik statej v dvuh tomah. Otv. red. A. B. Krylov [Post-Soviet States: 25 years of Independent Development. Collection of articles. In 2 vol. / A. B. Krylov, ed.]. Moscow: IMEMO RAN, 2017. 324 s.
ACADEMIC EVENTS
THE18TH RESEARCH SEMINAR RPSA RC ON COMPARATIVE POLITICS – IPSA RC-48 ADMINISTRATIVE CULTURE GTC2017 – GOVERNANCE THROUGH COLLABORATION: NEW DESIGNS AND PLATFORMS FOR GOVERNMENT-CITIZEN RELATIONS IN PUBLIC POLICY
Neverov K.A. pp.155-161